Cycloplegic refraction. 4 Cataracts were evaluated at the time of the preoperative visit closest to the date of surgery and on all subsequent postoperative visits. 6: Artificial lenses Sign in. The principal opportunities for intra-operative lens trauma occur during removal of dysfunctional recipient endothelium and Descemet. CI. 013 - other international versions of ICD-10 H25. 5: Posterior capsular opacifications Sign in. Figure 8-13 Mature cataract with white, liquefied cortex. White matter (neuronal axons coated in myelin) is located below the cortex and makes up the "subcortical" regions of the brain. Anterior segment exam revealed a moderate nuclear sclerotic and cortical spoking cataract OD and an early nuclear sclerotic cataract OS. Mature cataract with white, liquefied cortex. cortical cataract. Early cortical cataract development as viewed at the slit lamp using retroillumination. 8/30/2021 12 Blot hemes inferior-temp Unremarkable 0. A type 1 excludes note is a pure excludes. H47. Answered Jan 25, 2023. 029 to ICD-9-CM. 35 vertical and horizontal OU. A 60-year-old member asked:. We have assembled a list of common abbreviations that you are bound to encounter. Michael Gabor answered. 041--Posterior subcapsular polar senile cataract, right eye H25. The opacity did not seem to be contiguous with the posterior capsule, nor was there a clearly defined space between the two. accumulation of fluorescent chromophores c. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H05. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H25. Cortical Cataract Grading. Common symptoms after cataract surgery. Glare and / or difficulty driving at night. Author(s): Michelson, Georg, Prof. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX TeslaType of cataract was also recorded (nuclear sclerosis, cortical spoking, posterior subcapsular). ICD-10 code H25. 01/01/2021. Cataract: In the context of cataract formation, cortical spoking refers to the peripheral and superficial (cortex) clouding of the lens in the pattern of spokes. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H25. , with a refraction that was nearly identical to the spectacle Rx prescribed by the local optometrist. 013 may differ. 1. 032 (left eye) - H26. Cortical - Visualized as "aggregate" and quantified on the basis of the percentage of intrapupillary space obscured PSC - Graded on the basis of percentage of the area of the posterior. Some cataracts result from injuries to the eye, exposure to great heat or radiation, or inherited factors. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. All of the above are likely to be found F. A cataract grading system was developed by a panel of experts with the objective of making available a simple system for use with a slit lamp to allow for the reliable grading of the most common forms of cataract by relatively inexperienced observers. Cortical visual impairment can. Main Outcome Measures: The NSC, PSC, and cortical spoking scores were recorded preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery until discharged from care, lost to follow-up, or last visit before cataract surgery. B, Late fluorescein angiography (FA) image showing no leakage or staining. Completely opacified cortex causing the lens to appear white; no red. , adj catarac´tous. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the three parts of the crystalline lens?, What is the refractive power of the lens?, What are the dimensions of an adult lens? and more. Nuclear sclerotic cataracts (NS) involve cloudiness in the lens’s nucleus; cortical spoking cataracts (CS), on the other hand, form spoke- or wedge-shaped areas with cloudiness on their outer edges that is cloudy in areas. 013 may differ. 013. terior subcapsular cataract, cortical spoking), with each rated on a scale from clear to 4+. These changes may be extensive but may not affect. Fifteen months after the addition of quetiapine, an optometry examination revealed lenticular changes in the left eye and grade I cortical spoking in the interior aspect of the lens . 04 - other international versions of ICD-10 H25. SLE: Anterior cortical spoking cataract OS; Optic nerves were normal OU; DFE: Atrophic holes OD, macula striae OS; Palpebral fissure: 10mm OD and OS; Hertel: 92mm base; 17mm OD and 18mm. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Dermatochalasis, Cell & Flare, Pinguecula and more. This continuing medical education activity is jointly provided byQuantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot of observed (y-axis) vs. The patient was never told of any retinal problem prior, but examination reveals an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in the right eye. 50%. Figure 8-13 . 61 contain annotation back-references that may be applicable to H47. Central retinal artery occlusion. H25. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. The left eye showed an old branch vein occlusion in the superotemporal region, with extensive retinal venous collaterals. The prevalence of senile cortical and senile posterior subcapsular cataract is about 28% and 20% respectively. 33% was the maximum accuracy. One of the rods or braces connecting the hub and. -) 2016 (effective 10/1/2015): New code (first year of non-draft ICD-10-CM)cortical cataracts - cortical spoking increases refractive index and therefore power along that meridian - gradual change in astigmatism - look for spoking when dilated - at night patient's experience glare lens dislocation - trauma or systemic condition (Marfan syndrome - connective tissue disorder can result all over the body)Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc / Vol 102 / 2004 97 VITRECTOMY FOR EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES WITH GOOD VISUAL ACUITY BY John T. Examination at this time showed 2+ cortical spoking and 1 + nuclear sclerosis ofboth lenses. Article Text. However, cortical changes can begin in younger age groups and may result in difficulty with night driving and glare. The stereo coaxial illumination extends. cortical spoking. 35 OD 0. Quetiapine was tapered off over 9 days, and an eye examination conducted. The other source of monocular diplopia is refractile inhomogeneity in the crystalline lens, where cortical spoking makes the image jump a bit as you move back and forth with a monocular ophthalmoscope. The cataract looks very dense with a brunescent color behind the white cortical spoking. Completely opacified cortex causing the lens to appear white; no red reflex visible from fundus. Learn how we can help. The patient was never told of any retinal problem prior, but examination reveals an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in the right eye. Inferior nasal cortical spoking with early nuclear sclerosis. Senile cataract is a yellowing of the entire. Vacuoles. 1d, if the opacity exists in the outer circle of the lens, causing spoke/wedge-like peripheral cloudiness, it is known as a cortical spoking cataract (CS). D. $44 video appointments with $19/month membership * * Billed $57 every 3 months. 013 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Causes of Cortical Cataracts. -goes up to 4, but everyone does it differently-Some grade appearance-Others: appearance + VAs-does not matter for insurance purposes. In the subgroup of patients aged under 50. Eyes were graded on a scale of 0 to 4. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Types of cataracts, nuclear cataract, cortical cataract and more. Nuclear sclerosis is common in older adults as part of the aging process of the eye and can lead to. B, Typical cortical spokes. The change from nuclear sclerosis or cortical spoking to frank cataract formation is gradual. Posterior subcapsular haze? A posterior subcapsular cataract reveals a "frost-like" haze just anterior to the pos-terior lens capsule which is the back sur-Will present with cortical spoking with vacuoles between lens fibers due to cortical hydration. Posterior subcapsular cataracts start as small cloudy or opaque areas on the back surface of the eye lens, beneath the lens capsule that encloses and holds the lens in place. 65/0. The NSC, PSC, and cortical spoking scores were recorded preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery until discharged from. 1. U. 2 with collaterals 0. 269 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. For claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015, use an equivalent ICD-10-CM code (or codes). cortical spoking. C-Reactive Prot, Quant - 79. Explanation: "Cortical Cataracts. 04 : H00-H59. 6: Artificial lenses Sign in. YAG. H25. -Nuclear Sclerotic: Near-sized, slow course -Cortical spoking: doesn’t significantly affect vision -Posterior Subcapsular: leads to a “glare”and glare in bright-light (more of a common complaint) Divided into mature and immature cataracts MUST KNOW CONCEPTS -Mature: obstructs the redlight reflex when you do a fundus exam and has. The surgeon decided to proceed with cataract surgery in the left eye first, using a basic lens for best distance correction and utilizing LenSx technology. 3 OS Periphery: OD: lattice, pigmented sup. 0. H25. It begins at the nucleus of the eye (the central zone). METHODS —Eight women and 12 men, mean age 73 years, were included in this study, which was carried out from 1 January 1994 to 30 November 1996. . Coding Guidance. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Thickest Anteriorly Thinnest Posteriorly, 2/3 water 1/3 protien, Anaerobic metabolism and more. Andrew Dahl answered. 85mm OS: 32. Data collected on these patients included age, ethnicity, sex, preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, cataract grade (nuclear sclerosis vs cortical spoking vs posterior subcapsular), lens thickness, first versus second eye, right versus left eye, birth month and insurance status. Comments. 61 may differ. Previous eye surgery. 6: Artificial lenses Sign in. Cortical Cataracts. nuclear cataract is cloudiness in the "core" of your lens. Please. This peripheral part of the lens is call the cortex hence the term cortical spoking. Cortical spokes are wedge shaped areas of clouding of the cortex. 1. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. 5A. He had 2-3+ nuclear sclerosis and 2+ cortical spoking in both eyes. Then we present the data regarding the risk of each type of radiation effect to the fluoroscopy. It's one of the most common types of cataracts. 61 became effective on October 1, 2023. Similarly, the estimated amount of posterior subcapsular cataract (P) is determined by comparing it to another 5 photographs depicting increasing amounts of posterior subcapsular cataract. cortical cataract: [ kat´ah-rakt ] opacity of the lens of the eye or its capsule. Cortical Cataract. See a neurologist for guidance. Is cortical spoking a type of cataract? Dr. 04% APY 12-Month CD Rate Special (ME) All In Credit Union CD Rates: 5. Hypertension. Six DSEK eyes (10%) developed anterior cortical spoking. This article contains coding and other guidelines that complement the local coverage determination (LCD) for Cataract Extraction. The area of kideney fuction, filtration ; reabsorbtion. U. This is a normal part of the aging process called nuclear sclerosis. Senile cataracts are classified into three main types: nuclear cataract, cortical cataract, and posterior subcapsular cataract. plan indicates risk, benefits, and alternatives discussed. PSCs may also be seen with steroid use and diabetes, which can confound assessment of cataract cause . cortical spoking. DFE C. cortical spoking from cataract. 1). The proposed method was successful in accurately classifying the two classes. 619 - other international versions of ICD-10 H47. Eyes were graded on a scale of 0 to 4. 35 became effective on October 1, 2023. 35. The onset of the posterior subcapsular cataracts in the previous six months contributed greatly to her decreased. It may eventually lead to a cortical cataractvisible changes; Stage 1, cortical spoking appears; Stage 2, water vacuoles appear; Stage 3, cataract ring; Stage 4, frank cataract. ICD-10-CM Code for Cortical age-related cataract, bilateral H25. B, Typical cortical spokes. Add to My Bookmarks. Comments. The results of eye examinations at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months were unremarkable. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs. The phakic IOL is well positioned but may exhibit slight temporal displacement. Senile cataract is a yellowing of the entire. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (also called PXF, PXE or PEF) involves these parts of the eye: Aqueous humor. Central serous (chorio) retinopathy. Previous eye surgery is correlated with an increase in cortical cataracts. A variety of cannula are available for this maneuver, though a surgeon should default to the equipment with. Study SCLERAL, LENS OCULAR DISEASE flashcards. Eyes Forward – Cataracts – Part 1: Choosing When To Proceed With Surgery – 01. When we see this gap it is often associated with zonular laxity which allows the cataract to fall towards the vitreous cavity. Cortical Spoking Explanation: - PSC is more of a concern. Patients indicated that the Baylor visual function tester most closely. Dr. 1. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H25. The white lines in B represent a transparent region that is superficial to the opaque region. 0 using the lens opacities classification system LOCS II before and after pars plana vitrectomy for macular. A 'billable code' is detailed enough to be used to specify a medical diagnosis. IOP was consistently under 18mmHg on every visit. cortical cataract. Given that the likely cause of her decreased objective visual acuity was her. 1. Chronic alcoholism. H25. He presented with visual acuities of 20/40 OD and 20/50 OS, which decreased further with glare simulation. This can progress to such a degree that itTypical age-related cataracts present with diffuse nuclear sclerosis and some degree of cortical spoking. Read More. 011 became effective on October 1, 2023. 11 Follow-up of at least 1 year was attempted, but some patients were discharged from care because of transportation difficulties or were lost to follow-up before 1 year. RA Factor - neg. 0 using the lens opacities classification system LOCS II before and after pars plana vitrectomy for macular. Dean Bonsall answered. There are three different kinds of cataracts: nuclear sclerosis, cortical spoking and posterior. The CD ratio was 0. superficial cataract with cortical spoking (arrow, B), nuclear cataract with diffuse lens opacification. Her best-corrected vision was mildly reduced to 20/25- OD, OS due to mild nuclear sclerosis and anterior cortical spoking. 4: Posterior subcapsular cataracts Sign in. 1. Talk to a doctor now . what type of shift does a cortical spoking cataract cause? hyperopic. The lack of monocular or homonymous visual field defect makes. The first type of cataract is called cortical spoking. Then we present the data regarding the risk of each type of radiation effect to the fluoroscopy. ICD-10-CM S43. Diagnosis 2: Nuclear Cataracts. A cortical cataract is an opacity in the outer layer, or cortex, of the natural lens. H25. Symptoms of Cortical Cataracts. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. Table 2 shows the wavefront aberrations in the entire eye, internal optics of the eye, and cornea with a 6. 013 . IOP measured 18 mm Hg OU. Often, a shift in nearsightedness is noted, ranging from one to six diopters. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like old ppl do they gave relatively good or bad high contrast VA vs low contrast VA, when u hit 40 do u need an add?, how do peoples hyperopia change with age and more. Official Long Descriptor. Methods: Records of consecutive patients with acute. 3 OS. -PROCEDURE: Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with a posterior chamber intraocular lens implant, right eye, 66984. Please donate! Funds go solely to hosting and development costs that allow medical practitioners around the globe to freely access WikEM. The ultrastructural correlates of clinical lamellar separations are linear breaks running perpendicularly across bundles of lens fibers, at first resembling an indented fold [16,17,18]. , decrease in normal mass) can affect cerebral function. Cortical versus Subcortical Strokes Gray matter (neuronal cell bodies) of the brain forms a rim over the cerebral hemispheres, forming the cerebral cortex. Retroillumination of the lens. Change in perception of colors. 16 & 366. H25. S. The amount of cortical cataract (C) is determined by comparing the estimated aggregate of cortical spoking to that seen in 5 separate photographs. The symptoms of a cortical. Nuclear sclerosis is a condition in which the nucleus, or central part of the lens of the eye, hardens or gets cloudy. This guide from Harvard Medical School provides evidence-based solutions, tips, and resources for people who want to know more about cataract surgery or who want to delay it. Key characteristics include a central dark reflex on retinoscopy and the characteristic biomicroscopic appearance of a ‘lens within a lens. Slit-lamp exam revealed age-related cataracts (2+ nuclear sclerosis, trace posterior subcapsular) and cortical spoking OU. Type in any ophtho term to this translator or copy and paste entire notes to finally decode all those abbreviations. We determined that this was a classic case. Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis etc. Centreville Bank CD Account Promotion (RI) Town & Country Federal Credit Union CD Promotion: 3. 269 - other international versions of ICD-10 H05. and the constancy of symptoms support the concept that the pathology is cortical. Eyes Forward – Cataracts – Part 1: Choosing When To Proceed With Surgery – 01. white, wedge-like opacities that start in the periphery of the lens and work their way to the center in a spoke-like fashion LENS. It is more common in people with diabetes and hypertension. Cigarette smoking. 011 became effective on October 1, 2023. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Cerulean, Cerulean, Sutural and more. Most people recover vision quickly. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Cataract/Anterior Segment. cortical spoking. No phacodonesis is evident. Ophthalmology 32 years experience. The likelihood of a problematic iris, weakened zonules, postop glaucoma and serious problems occurring years later are issues a cataract surgeon needs to address before, during and after surgery. Prior inflammation/injury of the eyes. The hardening occurs gradually. This is the most common form of cataract. Her anterior segments have always been unremarkable, and she has a mild amount of nuclear sclerosis and cortical spoking in each lens. injury (trauma) of eye and orbit ( S05. . Exam 3 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Cortical spoking cataract (CS) - Swelling of the cortex causing spoke/wedge-like peripheral cloudiness. white and quiet. 8. Historically, about 30% of these malignancies are confined to the adrenal gland at diagnosis. GVF OD with temporal scotoma. 619 may differ. Wedge-shaped (cuneiform) or spoke-like (wheel) peripheral changes are seen. cortical spoking that obscures more than 2 full quadrants. A type 1 excludes note indicates that the code excluded should never be used at the same time as H26. A 64-year-old white male presents for cataract surgery evaluation with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/60 OD and 20/40 OS. At that time she was also noted to have generalized ocular surface disease (OSD) with superficial punctate keratitis (SPK), a decreased tear break-up time, a scant tear prism and worsening comfort as the day progressed. The left eye was otherwise unremarkable. Study Spring 2012 Dis Exam 5 (Last Material for final) flashcards. You may become a victim of cortical cataracts, even if you are young or middle-aged. It begins at the nucleus of the eye (the central zone). Our site is most compatible with Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. (C) A higher magnification of an Arvcf−/− lens with a disruption at the anterior pole that occurs along a suture line. Moran CORE. SAS software version 9. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach to grade cortical and Posterior Sub-Capsular (PSC) cataracts using retroillumination images. OBJECTIVES—To analyse the clinical features induced by lenticular infarction found in 20 patients, and to analyse the radiological and clinical correlations. Cataract: Cortical cataract is a change in the peripheral portion of the crystalline lens which extends centrally. Read More. 3 OS Periphery: OD: lattice, pigmented sup. Jimmy T. View Full Image. 041--Posterior subcapsular polar senile cataract, right eye H25. Ophthalmoscopic examination was unremarkable in the right eye. THI DIEU HOANG, NGUYEN (Holly) MA 63 Homework CHAPTER 6 Review Exercise / 301 1. 0 using the lens opacities classification system LOCS II before and after pars plana. The white lines in B represent a transparent region that is superficial to the opaque region. The images undergo various image processing techniques to detect the presence of cataracts. Study Spring 2012 Dis Exam 5 (Last Material for final) flashcards. ICD-10 code H25. 04 may differ. External examination of OD disclosed slate-blue scleral pigmentation and dark brown iris with velvety surface consistent with ocular melanocytosis (Figure 1). 013 became effective on October 1, 2023. A cataract-free lens is one in which the nucleus, cortex, and subcapsular areas are free of opacities; the subcapsular and cortical zones are free of Of the three, nuclear sclerotic and cortical spoking are more prevalent than PSC, each being graded according to severity of lens opacities. Request a Demo 14 Day Free Trial Buy Now. The optic nerves were 0. SLE: Anterior cortical spoking cataract OS; Optic nerves were normal OU; DFE: Atrophic holes OD, macula striae OS; Palpebral fissure: 10mm OD and OS; Hertel: 92mm base; 17mm OD and 18mm OS; Figure 1: GVF GVF OS with supero-nasal and infero-nasal constriction of all isopters. Eyes were graded on a scale of 0 to 4. Check My Answer! echo ‘To use a practice module, please login or register for a free account. To measure the rate of cataract development and progression of nuclear sclerotic cataracts (NSC), posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC), and cortical spoking cataracts in nondiabetic patients <50 years of age after a pars plana vitrectomy. According to the WHO, there are three main types of cataracts: 1) nuclear sclerotic cataract (NS), 2) cortical spoking cataract (CS), and 3) posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) which are shown in. Lens: cortical opacities, 1+cortical spoking OU 2+PSC Disc: staphyloma OU, oblique insertion C/D: 0. Ophthalmology 27 years experience. The lens characteristics in both eyes showed 2+ to 3 nuclear sclerosis and cortical spoking extending closely into the visual axis. Poor ability to see contrast, such as in a dark or dimly lit environment. The prediction result gives an opacity. This is a normal part of the aging process called nuclear sclerosis. Open source ophthalmology education for students, residents, fellows, healthcare workers, and clinicians. XT. ’. Eye problems, such as previous eye injuries and inflammation, may cause cortical cataracts. 0 using the lens opacities classification system LOCS II before andStudy Spring 2012 Dis Exam 5 (Last Material for final) flashcards. Nuclear sclerosis is common in older adults as part of the aging process of the eye and can lead. The remainder of the examination is normal. reveals an anterior subcapsular cataract with cortical spoking. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. Mild nuclear sclerotic cataracts are present in both eyes and there is moderate cortical spoking involving the visual axis OS. 5 per 10,000 children, with most occurring within the first year of life. you can tell it's an anterior cortical cataract because the iris is still pretty clear and in focus. depends on visual acuity-Remember. 1c [1]. Diabetes. you can tell it's an anterior cortical cataract because the iris is still pretty clear and in focus. Movement of the lens that occurs secondary to lens instability LENS. Cortical spoking is easily visualized using retro-illumination on the slit-lamp; CLASSIFICATION. 019 for Cortical age-related cataract, unspecified eye is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the eye and adnexa . The center of your lens turns yellow and gets harder as you age. 1. His cataracts were estimated to account for one, and perhaps two, lines of visual acuity decrease. Related: ODs: Redefine your role in glaucoma collaborative care. Both lenses show 2+ cortical spoking and 1+ nuclear sclerosis, consistent with 20/40. ’ The opalescent or milky white appearance of the nucleus with no surrounding brunescence or cortical spoking is pathognomonic. Eyes were graded on a scale of 0 to 4. XT. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H26 became effective on October 1, 2023. Central corneal thickness with ultrasound pachymetry measured 552μm and 549μm. ; atrophic hole inf/nasal OS: lattice, pigmented superior, inferior, temporal Vitreous: syneresis, PVD OU OD: 30. Allografts for general orthopedic applications include frozen and freeze dried structural grafts such as ilium wedges, segmental grafts of femur, fibula, humerus, tibia etc. The remainder of the examination is normal. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 75%, free radicals, ion pump changes, insoluble proteins, myopic and more. Retinal evaluation of the right eye was difficult due to the media, however. This article will discuss the three most common types of cataracts (nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular) as well as other less common types including anterior subcapsular, posterior polar, traumatic,. Refer to NCCI and OPPS requirements prior to billing Medicare. in a. Subscribe to Codify by AAPC and get the code details in a flash. Bressler, MD, James Heyward, BA, Ava K. Richard Hector answered. 67mm 2 14yo African American Female VA: cc through CL Distance. PI Cataract filling less than 30% of the area of the posterior. H05. Dr. peripheral cloudiness, it is known as a cortical spoking cataract (CS). Study ocular lens flashcards from Tiff Moon's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. PSCs may also be seen with steroid use and diabetes, which can confound assessment of cataract cause . 2 with collaterals 0. When using code H25. The key causes of cortical cataracts are eye injury, aging, and a family history of cataracts. 811 (for right eye) when he says they have nuclear sclerosis cataract and senile cortical cataract. 2 OD, 0. Kataria and Thompson performed a clinical records review to measure the development and rate of progression of nuclear sclerotic (NSC), posterior subcapsular (PSC), and cortical spoking (CS) cataracts in nondiabetic patients younger than age 50 years after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes: H25. 013) H25. An ocular health evaluation revealed early nuclear sclerosis and cortical spoking O. you can tell it's an anterior cortical cataract because the iris is still pretty clear and in focus. The following code (s) above H25. and a mixed cataract with 3+ nuclear sclerosis, cortical spoking, and posterior subcapsular opacities in each eye • Tear break-up time was 5 seconds OU • Tear osmolarity was modestly elevated and asymmetric at 302 mOsm/L OD and 313 mOsm/L OS The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire (availablecongenital or early in life usually don't interfere with vision Congenital nuclear, Anterior polar (pyramidal), Ubilicated, Axial fusiform, Sutural opacities, Coralliform, Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, Luxated lens, Zonular/lamellar, Galactosemia, Spherophakia, LenticonusFigure S4: Quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot of observed (y-axis) vs. Four of those were among the surgeon's first 65 DSEK cases, starting in 2003, when aspects of the DSEK technique were still early in development. Figure 8-12. D.